Assessment of Cyclical Spreading and Ecological Extortions to the Avian Species in Distt. Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

The study was conducted to estimate the bird diversity and the risks they confront at Head Trimmu, Distt. Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. A number of field surveys were managed over 12-months by employing both direct and indirect means during certain hours of a day. The study found a total of 54 species from 15 orders and 31 families. The bird species were classified as residents (64.4%), breeders (8%), migrants (26%), and passage migrants (1.4%). The most frequent species observed during the study were house sparrow, house crow, domestic rock pigeon, ring-necked dove and common myna. Overall, the study revealed a diversified avian community with Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 3.3367. Only two species found near threatened like the Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata)and Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) but the majority of the species are of least concern. The ecological richness of the area is under threat by urban development due to growing human population. So, the major threats to avian species in the study area are habitat degradation, Illegal hunting and lack of awareness. It is suggested to preserve avian diversity by the involvement of government agencies, private groups (WWF, IUCN, BirdLife International) and the general public.