Correlation of Conjunctival Impression Cytology and Clinical Examination in University Students at Lahore during the COVID-19

Abstract

During COVID 19 pandemic every home-bound school, college, and university student was using computers and electronic gadgets for social networking and online education. To assess the effects of these gadgets on ocular and vision-related problems, very little research had been done on the Pakistani population, especially among university students. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 355 students of University of the Punjab. Questionnaire-based data were collected by measurement of tear film breakup time(TBUT), the number of corneal dry spots, Schirmer’s test, and conjunctival impression cytology(CIC). Pearson correlation analysis was done on CIC score versus TBUT, Schirmer’s test and Goblet Cell Density (GCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for mean comparison of visual acuity, TBUT, cornea spots, and Schirmer’s test to see the significance of the results. P-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the 355 students, 65% were females. The mean age of the students was 22.30 ± 6.8 years. At each level of visual acuity, there was no statistically significant difference between the means of the different levels of visual acuity (F=0.488, p=0.614). A statistically significant mean difference was found between CIC score and TBUT (F=208.45p=<0.001), CIC score and cornea spot (F=39.31, p=<0.001), CIC score and Schirmer’s test (F=5.83, p=0.001). For the early diagnosis and management of CVS, in addition to applying the validated questionnaire and clinical dry eye tests, the Conjunctival impression cytology can be tested
on a larger population to be proven as a gold slandered test.